import java.io.*;

class IO {
    public static void print(String s) {
        System.out.print(s);
    }

    public static String inputString() {
        BufferedReader in
            = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        String s;

        try {
            s = in.readLine();
        }
        catch(IOException e) {
            s = "";
        }

        return s;
    }

    public static double inputDouble() {
        String s = inputString();
        double d = (new Double(s)).doubleValue();

        return d;
    }

    public static int inputInt() {
        String s = inputString();
        int i = (new Integer(s)).intValue();

        return i;
    }
}