The Physics of Many Things, Two at a Time

A very large number of particle-particle simulations assume that the same physics is at work in a large system, with PAIRWISE interactions. The number of such pairs grows as the SQUARE of the number of things:

GalaxSee

This is why many-body physics is hard. . .
But wait, it gets worse!

  • Many-state variables, not just position!

  • Forces in some cases are NOT pairwise!
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