Interactivate: Algorithm Discovery with Venn Diagrams

( ! ) Notice: session_start() [function.session-start]: Server 127.0.0.1 (tcp 21201) failed with: Failed reading line from stream (0) in /var/www/html/common-2.3/SWAT/SWAT.php5 on line 108
Call Stack
#	Time	Memory	Function	Location
1	0.0029	94576	{main}( )	../lesson.php5:0
2	0.0054	175200	include_once( '/var/www/html/interactivate/config/standardIncludes.php5' )	../lesson.php5:19
3	0.1644	21405936	SWAT->startSession( )	../standardIncludes.php5:110
4	0.1645	21405936	session_start ( )	../SWAT.php5:108

Abstract

This lesson is designed to help students learn about algorithms through Venn Diagrams and Box Plots. Students will develop algorithms for solving Venn Diagrams, collect data for each algorithm, and compare the efficiency of each algorithm, using box plots.

Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson, students will:

understand the purpose and use of algorithms in problem-solving
understand what algorithms are most efficient for solving Venn Diagrams
understand an authentic application of box plots in data analysis

Standards Addressed:

Textbooks Aligned:

Teacher Preparation

Teachers will need:

computer with access to an internet browser
A copy of the worksheet for each student (optional)
pencil and paper

Key Terms

algorithm	Step-by-step procedure by which an operation can be carried out
box plot	Also called box-and-whisker plot, this graph shows the distribution of data by dividing the data into four groups with the same number of data points in each group. The box contains the middle 50% of the data points and each of the two whiskers contain 25% of the data points.
Venn Diagram	A diagram where sets are represented as simple geometric figures, with overlapping and similarity of sets represented by intersections and unions of the figures

Lesson Outline

Focus and Review

Open the Venn Diagram Shape Sorter applet, and project it for the whole class to view. Set the applet to Guess Mode, and work through a problem as a class:

Guide the students through the activity by instructing them on applet functionality.
Have students volunteer answers and tell you where to place different shapes in order to solve the problem.
Ask guided questions to help students start thinking about why they're selecting shapes to try.
After solving the problem, ask students to explain what approach they took in solving it.
Ask guided questions to help students start thinking about efficiency in solving problems

Objectives

Lead the class in a discussion on algorithms. Explain to the class that they will be finding algorithms to solve Venn Diagram problems, and collecting data and using box plots in order to determine an algorithm's efficiency.

Teacher Input

Lead the class in a discussion on box plots.
Introduce the Box Plot activity, showing students how to create box plots for different categories of data.

Guided Practice

Explain how you'll use the box plot to compare different algorithms:

Students will develop an algorithm for solving a Venn Diagram
Students will solve several different problems using that method, recording how many shapes they had to try before being able to accurately guess the rules.
The class will come together and enter their data into a box plot, with each different algorithm as a category.

If necessary, practice this process as a class until you're confident that students can do it on their own.

Independent Practice

Have students solve several problems with the Venn Diagram Shape Sorter.

Remind students to develop an algorithm for solving the problems.
Have students record how many shapes they try before being able to solve the problem each time.
If students are having trouble with the concept of algorithms, have them use the worksheet to guide their thinking.

Closure

As a class, enter data into the box plot, where each different algorithm is a different category in the box plot. Discuss the results:

Which algorithm is most efficient?
How can you tell?
How does the box plot help you see this?

Alternate Outline

If only one computer is available for the classroom, this lesson can be rearranged in the following way:

The teacher may do this activity as a demonstration. Choose the version (one circle, etc.) and allow students to decide individually, or in groups, which object to move onto the diagram and where to move it.
As a class, construct a box plot of the results of each algorithm. Then discuss conclusions they can draw from their results.

Suggested Follow-Up

If students need more work with displaying and analyzing data, you may want to use the lessons Mean, Median and Mode or Box Plots.
There are a number of lessons on patterns, including Patterns in Fractals, Patterns in Pascal's Triangle and Visual Patterns in Tessellations.

Interactivate

Algorithm Discovery with Venn Diagrams