P
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palindrome
Words, numbers, and phrases that can be read the same backwards as forwards. Some examples include: "mom", "racecar", "34543", or the phrase "never odd or even"
paradox
A statement that appears to contradict itself, for example, suggesting a solution which is actually impossible
parallel
Lines that are in the same plane that do not intersect
parallelogram
A quadrilateral that contains two pairs of parallel sides
pattern
Characteristic(s) observed in one item that may be repeated in similar or identical manners in other items
percent
A ratio that compares a number to one hundred. The symbol for percent is %
perimeter
The sum of the lengths of all the sides of a polygon
permutation
A a particular ordering of a set of objects. For example, given the set {1, 2, 3}, there are six permutations: {1, 2, 3}, {1, 3, 2}, {2, 1, 3}, {2, 3, 1}, {3, 1, 2}, and {3, 2, 1}
personal view
An approach taken by mathematicians and philosophers to calculate probability. Using their knowledge and reasoning skills, they think through the problem. See theories of probability
Petal Curve
See Rose Curve
Pi
The designated name for the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, represented by the symbol π
pie graph
A diagram showing a system of connections or interrelations between two or more things by using a circle divided into segments that look like pieces of pie
polar axis
in the polar coordinate system, a ray from the pole in a fixed direction, analogous to the x-axis in the Cartesian system. The angle between this fixed ray and a ray through the pole and the point of interest gives the value of theta in the coordinate pair (r, θ) used in the polar coordinate system.
pole
in the polar coordinate system, a fixed point, analogous to the origin in the Cartesian coordinate system. The distance from this point to a point of interest gives the value of r in the coordinate pair (r, θ) used in the polar coordinate system.
polygon
A closed plane figure formed by three or more line segments that do not cross over each other
polyhedra
Any solid figure with an outer surface composed of polygon faces
prime number
A number that has exactly two factors, 1 and the number itself
prisoners
A complex number is a prisoner in a Julia Set if its orbit, a sequence of complex numbers generated by successive iterations of a given function, is bounded.
probability
The measure of how likely it is for an event to occur. The probability of an event is always a number between zero and 100%. The meaning (interpretation) of probability is the subject of theories of probability. However, any rule for assigning probabilities to events has to satisfy the axioms of probability
proportion
A relationship between two ratios is proportional if the two ratios are equal in value.
protractor
An instrument used to measure and draw angles on a flat surface.
Pythagorean Theorem
Used to find side lengths of right triangles, the Pythagorean Theorem states that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the two sides, or A2 + B2 = C2, where C is the hypotenuse
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